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Spanish to English: Uruguay: el plomo y la justicia ambiental General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - Spanish EL SILENCIO OFICIAL
En el 2001, respondiendo a fuertes presiones sociales y mediáticas, una Comisión Interinstitucional fue establecida bajo la dirección del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) para dirigir las intervenciones estatales en el caso plomo. La Comisión, maniobrando entre el diálogo y el conflicto con los vecinos, estableció las siguientes medidas entre el 2001-2006: normativas de intervención médica y ambiental; la apertura de una policlínica pediátrica especializada en el plomo y contaminantes químicos ambientales; estudios puntuales de plomo en suelos, aire, y agua; apoyo alimenticio a familias carenciadas con hijos contaminados; y el realojo de decenas de familias en situación de contaminación y pobreza extrema, en algunos casos de barrios enteros de los “asentamientos irregulares”. Además, hubo logros en cuanto a nueva legislación reglamentando el uso, comercialización y disposición final del plomo y sus derivados, y en el 2004 se dejó de producir y comercializar las naftas (gasolina) con tetraetilo de plomo.
Sin embargo, la CVSP y sus aliados, incluyendo la flamante policlínica “de plomo”, denunciaban lo que entendían como respuestas oficiales insuficientes, y en ciertos casos negligentes. Una de las denuncias recurrentes era el uso oficial de un umbral de intervención médica a partir de los 20 µg/dL (microgramos de plomo por decilitro de sangre), duplicando el umbral recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los Centros de Control de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EEUU desde el 1991. Las autoridades médicas negaban sistemáticamente los riesgos para la salud de la contaminación plúmbica a niveles debajo de 20 µg/dL. Nunca se cumplió, además, con la promesa del MSP de implementar un estudio epidemiológico universal. Lo más cerca que se llegó fue un estudio de plombemia de 6,000 residentes del barrio La Teja en el 2001, demostrando que más de 60% de los niños tejanos sufrían niveles de plomo en sangre superior a los 10 µg/dL (Mañay el al, 2003). Con este y estudios similares, se podría deducir que hasta decenas de miles de niños en zonas urbanas padecían una contaminación por plomo rondando o superior a los 10 µg/dL, el nivel designado como “intoxicación” a nivel mundial (Mañay et al, 2008). Como el umbral de intervención se mantuvo a 20 µg/dL, no obstante, los parámetros de la epidemia se pudieron delimitar y contener “oficialmente” a una población de centenares, y no miles, de niños uruguayos, manteniendo así el silencio oficial sobre el verdadero alcance de la epidemia.
Translation - English OFFICIAL SILENCE
In 2001, in response to strong social and media pressure, an Inter-institutional Commission was established under the direction of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP, after its initials in Spanish) to direct government intervention in the lead case. The Commission, maneuvering between dialog and conflict with residents, established the following measures between 2001 and 2006: regulations for medical and environmental intervention; opening of a pediatric polyclinic, specialized on lead, and chemical environmental polluters; specific studies of lead in soil, air, and water; alimentary support to destitute families with contaminated children; and the relocation of dozens of families in a situation of contamination and extreme poverty, in some cases entire neighborhoods of “irregular settlements”. In addition, there were accomplishments regarding new legislation regulating the use, commercialization, and final disposal of lead and its byproducts, and in 2004 gasoline containing tetra-ethyl lead ceased to be produced and commercialized.
However, the CVSP and its allies, including the brand new “lead” polyclinic, called out what they understood to be insufficient, and in some cases even negligent official responses. One of the recurring claims was the official use of a medical intervention threshold starting at 20 µg/dL (lead micrograms per blood deciliter), duplicating the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the USA since 1991. Health authorities systematically denied the health risks of lead pollution at levels below 20 µg/dL. Also, the MSP’s promise of implementing a universal epidemiological study was never fulfilled. The closest response was a lead poisoning study of 6,000 residents from the La Teja neighborhood in 2001, showing that over 60% of Tejan children suffered levels of lead in blood superior to 10 µg/dL (Mañay et al, 2003). With this and other similar studies, it could be inferred that up to tens of thousands of children in urban areas suffered from lead pollution of around or over 10 µg/dL, the level labeled as “poisoning” worldwide (Mañay et al, 2008). Since the threshold for intervention was maintained at 20 µg/dL, however, the parameters of this epidemic could be delimited and “officially” contained in a population of hundreds, not thousands, of Uruguayan children, thus maintaining the official silence about the true scope of the epidemics.
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Translation education
Master's degree - WVU
Experience
Years of experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2016.
English to Spanish (Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters) Spanish to English (Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters)
Memberships
International Medical Interpreters Association, Interpreters and Translators Association of Alabama
Software
Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Trados Studio, Wordfast
Bio
I am located in Huntsville, AL (USA). I have been working as a freelance translator for the past 5 years, and as a medical interpreter for the past 4 years. I obtained my first Certification as a medical interpreter in 2014. I have decided to join Proz to work globally, as most of my clients are local.
I am most comfortable translating into Spanish, my native language, but I have also done some successful and high-quality translations ES-EN, and I am looking to grow in this pair. I can use my own editors, unless the client prefers to use their own.
I have two degrees in Language Teaching and Linguistics, and I am very thorough about the quality and accuracy of my work. It is my firm belief that translation and interpreting both require different sets of skills, skills that a bilingual person may or may not have.
I have more experience in medical interpreting, although I am interested in expanding my experience in other areas, such as gaming and entertainment.