hogans
Latvian translation: hogana
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| 08:02 Jul 26, 2003 |
| English to Latvian translations [PRO] / Customs. | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Vents Villers Local time: 04:37 | ||||||
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| 3 +1 | ... ar maalu paarklaataas buudinnaas. |
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| 4 | Viņi dzīvoja kleķa būdās. |
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Answers
1 hr confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1... ar maalu paarklaataas buudinnaas. Explanation: jaaskataas svessvaardu vaardniicaa - domaaju, ka arii latviski eksistee termins "hogans", kas noziimee taas passas maala buudas :))) -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2003-07-26 09:49:54 (GMT) -------------------------------------------------- http://www.aquarun.ru/psih/relig/relig2.html Čķīé ļščģåš: õīćąķ, ćėčķ’ķūå õčęčķū čķäåéöåā ķąāąõī čē Ķüž-Ģåźńčźī č Ąščēīķū, ńņšī’ņń’ ļī ļīäīįčž ńõåģū źīńģīńą ķąāąõī. Čõ āõīä īįšąłåķ ź āīńņīźó. Āīńåģü ńņåķ äīģą óźąēūāąžņ ķą ÷åņūšå ķąļšąāėåķč’ č ļšīģåęóņī÷ķūå ņī÷źč. Źąęäūé óćīė čėč įąėźą ńīīņāåņńņāóžņ īäķīģó čē żėåģåķņīā āåėčźīćī õīćąķą, īõāąņūāąžłåćī āńž ēåģėž č ķåįī. Č, ļīńźīėüźó ńąģą äóųą ÷åėīāåźą šąńńģąņščāąåņń’ źąź ńīīņāåņńņāóžłą’ ļī ńāīåé ōīšģå ńņšīåķčž Āńåėåķķīé, ņąźą’ ćėčķ’ķą’ õčęčķą ńņąķīāčņń’ īėčöåņāīšåķčåģ ōóķäąģåķņąėüķīé ćąšģīķčč ÷åėīāåźą č ģčšą č ķąļīģčķąķčåģ ī ńīźšīāåķķīģ ęčēķåķķīģ ļóņč ź ńīāåšųåķńņāó. http://eyeevil.narod.ru/Enciklop.htm ÕĪĆĄĶ = Ņšąäčöčīķķīå ęčėčłå ķąāąõīā - āīńüģčóćīėüķą’ õčęčķą čē źåäšīāūõ įšåāåķ, ļīźšūņūõ ēåģėåé. Āõīä, źąź č ā įīėüųčķńņāå čķäåéńźčõ äīģīā, īščåķņčšīāąķ ķą āīńņīź -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2003-07-26 12:06:05 (GMT) -------------------------------------------------- http://www.watertown.k12.ma.us/americanhistorycentral/13glos... hogan - Navajos lived in houses called hogans. A hogan was a cone shaped frame covered with mud or grass. Navajos built their hogans in small, family size groups miles apart from one another. http://waltonfeed.com/peoples/navajo/hogan.html Introduction: In the land of the Navajo, comparatively few people still live in hogans, however they are still in use today all over the reservation. There are two types of hogans, the male and the female hogan. Many of the ceremonies take place in the male hogan. The male hogan is more aggressive; the place where one meets their enemy. This is where we confront illness and sickness. We don\'t want to contaminate our homes with these things. Later the male hogan can be purified. Inside the male hogan the ceremonial fire is very dangerous. The female hogan\'s fire is in contrast warm and inviting. It warms the family and cooks our food. The female hogan is where the family lives. It is where the family finds love and compassion. It is where the family sleeps and eats. It is a healthy, safe place for the family. These attributes belong to the female. The female has the home, the children, the farm animals, and things relating to the livelihood of the home. The instructions on this page relate to the female hogan. It is much larger than a male hogan. The inside of a female hogan is very large, much bigger than the first log cabins the early white men built on the American continent. A female hogan can have a diameter on the inside of 19 to 23 feet, and is free standing. This makes a large room, giving the family plenty of space for their needs. The design, especially of the roof, is so unique and peculiar that it is easy to accept that the Holy Ones gave the Navajo the plans to build one. Because of it\'s construction, this hogan is warm on the inside in the winter time, and cool during the summer. The door of the hogan must face to the east to meet the rising sun. In this way, not only the hogan, but the family that lives within greets Father sun the first thing in the morning. Behind the front door is a fire stick. It is about three feet long and has been burned on one end. The fire stick protects the family from evil spirits and wicked men. The door itself is made of wood with metal hinges. Before metal hinges, rawhide hinges were used. And before the day of the wooden door, a blanket hung, sealing the opening. Roof modifications have been made on the more modern ones in comparison with the more traditional hogan construction below. But they are still relatively the same size, and look about the same as the hogans which Navajo families have lived in for thousands of years. Inside the hogan of today you will likely find a bed, refrigerator, sink, bathroom, TV and couch. Construction: The female hogan has 8 sides and even though it is a complex structure, it could be built without accurately measuring the length of a single pole or log. Looking at the older hogans, not all sides have the same width. For example, the hogan we use for our construction sample and is pictured here is located at the Canyon De Chelle National Monument Visitor Center. This hogan\'s widest wall was 10 1/2 feet, and it\'s shortest wall was about 6 feet wide, with most of the walls being about 8 feet wide. The first hogans were built out of cedar. Using this wood, a hogan would last for generations. The log walls weren\'t necessarily the same height, either. Continuing to use the above hogan as the example, the wall on the front of the hogan was 5 1/2 feet high, while the back wall was only 3 1/2 feet high. That this hogan was built on a slight hill may have had something to do with this. The cracks between XXX the logs were sealed with a clay mud XXX, something they have plenty of in this land. The ceiling was built out of poles. The roof was domed with the ceiling starting at shoulder height. The ceiling at the center of the room was about 10 feet high. Small tree limbs were put on top of this, with a thick layer of clay put on top of the limbs. After the clay dried, it formed a water tight barrier. This heavy earthen roof was one of the big reasons it was so cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Details: The Walls: The logs forming the walls were joined in the corners by notching them much like the log cabins of the pioneers. After the walls were completed, a pole was added to the outer edges of the top logs of the wall. (See the photo above.) This top row of logs was offset one log outboard from the wall logs. This formed a guard so the roof poles wouldn\'t roll off and also formed a small eve. The Roof: This is where the hogan construction becomes most interesting. The poles, carefully stacked in layers, form a strong, domed, triangular structure. The over all appearance of the ceiling is most appealing to the eye. The first layer of poles are laid parallel to one another, beginning at each of the eight corners. Each pole forms a isometric triangle with the wall logs underneath it. The first pole is very short, enclosing just the corners. The next pole laying next to it is a little longer. The last pole on the first layer spans from the center of one wall to the center of the next wall. These last poles from each section touch each other. The second layer of poles are laid parallel with the wall and form an isometric triangle with the first layer of roof poles underneath them. The second layer starts where the gap in the first layer of poles start. The poles forming the third layer lie parallel with the first layer of poles and form isometric triangles with the poles from the second layer directly below them and start where the gap in the second layer begins. And so this continues up to the fifth layer. At the fifth layer, the corners are reduced to 4 sides. This makes the roof doming effect begin to round. Altogether, in our sample hogan, there are 13 levels of poles in the roof. The two top levels are formed a bit differently, however. The 12th level, instead of forming isometric triangles like those levels below it, run parallel across the top of the entire opening. In our hogan, this area is about 3 1/2 to four feet wide and about 6 to 8 feet long. In the center of this level is a 1 by 3 1/2 foot wide opening formed by a gap in the logs. The 13th layer is very small and reduces the size of this opening. The poles forming the top layer lie perpendicular to the poles of the 12th layer and reduce the size of this opening to about one foot square placing logs on both sides of the opening. This hole was used both as a chimney and a skylight. Aside from the front door there wasn\'t any other windows besides this hole in the center of the ceiling. To give the roof it\'s domed effect, fewer poles are used in the first layers and more poles are used towards the top. As already mentioned, this naturally happens as the corners are reduced from 8 to 4 corners in the fifth level. This gives the hogan a relatively steep roof near the walls, but a shallow roof towards the top. The ceiling comes up at about a 45 degree angle until it reaches the fifth level. Then it quickly tapers off towards the center. To help you understand what is happening the following table lists the number of poles in the different layers of the roof: Poles Level in Row 1 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 5 5 6 5 7 4 8 6 9 6 10 9 11 10 Note: This is the number of poles in the hogan we used as an example. The diameter of poles used will determine how many poles will be in each layer of the hogan you construct. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2003-07-27 16:44:35 (GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Kaa variants: Viņi dzīvoja Navaho cilts indiāņu etniskajās mītnēs \"hoganos\". |
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2 days 23 hrs confidence:
Viņi dzīvoja kleķa būdās. Explanation: A similar construction to the "hogan" (a dwelling of the Navajo and other American Indians, constructed of earth walls supported by timbers) is "wattle and daub" (kleķa būda) - a framework of woven rods and twigs covered and plastered with clay and used in building construction |
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